Category: how to

Scheduling your Windows PC to shut down automatically can come in handy in many situations. Whether you want your computer to turn off after a big download finishes, set limits for kids, or just save energy when you know you won’t be using it, Windows has built-in ways to do this—no extra software needed. Here’s a simple guide to the best methods.

Why Schedule Automatic Shutdown?

Some good reasons include:

• Save energy: Prevent your PC from running all night or when idle.
• Finish tasks: Let downloads, updates, or scans complete, then shut down safely.
• Parental controls: Set a computer bedtime.
• System health: Regular shutdowns help keep things fresh.
• Convenience: Automate the process and never forget to power off.

Method 1: Quick One-Time Shutdown Using Run Dialog

If you want your PC to shut down after a set time just once, this is the fastest way.

1. Press Windows key + R to open the Run box.
2. Type:
   shutdown -s -t XXXX
   Replace XXXX with the seconds before shutdown. For example, 3600 means one hour.
3. Press Enter or click OK.
4. You’ll see a notification that Windows will shut down in that time.

Cancel Shutdown:
If you change your mind, open Run again and type:
shutdown -a
Then press Enter to abort the shutdown.

Method 2: Scheduled Shutdown Using Task Scheduler

For more control—like shutting down daily at a set time—Task Scheduler is the way to go.

1. Open Task Scheduler:
   • Search for it in the Start menu or press Windows key + R, type taskschd.msc, and press Enter.
2. Click Create Basic Task on the right.
3. Give it a name like “Daily Shutdown” and optionally add a description.
4. Choose a trigger (when to start): daily, weekly, one-time, etc.
5. Set the time and recurrence details.
6. Select the action Start a program.
7. For the program/script, type: shutdown
8. For arguments, enter: -s -t 60 (for a 60-second warning before shutdown) or just -s for immediate shutdown.
9. Review your task and check “Open the Properties dialog when I click Finish” for more options, then click Finish.
10. In Properties, you can tweak:
    • Run whether user is logged on or not
    • Run with highest privileges
    • Set conditions like only on AC power
11. Save changes. You might need to enter your password.

To disable or delete the task:
Open Task Scheduler, find your task under Task Scheduler Library, right-click it, and choose Disable or Delete.

Method 3: Create a Desktop Shortcut for Shutdown

If you want quick access to a timed shutdown without typing commands every time:

1. Right-click on your desktop, choose New > Shortcut.
2. Enter:
   shutdown.exe -s -t 3600 (replace 3600 with your desired seconds).
3. Name the shortcut (e.g., “Shutdown in 1 Hour”).
4. Click Finish.
5. Double-clicking this shortcut will schedule a shutdown with the specified delay.

Cancel a shutdown started this way:
Run shutdown -a from Run or Command Prompt.

Which Method to Use?

• One-time quick shutdown: Use Method 1 with Run.
• Scheduled or recurring shutdown: Method 2 with Task Scheduler is best.
• Easy repeated access: Create a shortcut via Method 3.

By using these built-in Windows tools, you can automate shutting down your PC easily and save yourself time and energy.

When Microsoft launched Windows 11, one major sticking point for users was the requirement for a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0. While intended to bolster security, many otherwise capable PCs lacked this chip or had it disabled. If you’re staring at a “This PC can’t run Windows 11” message, don’t worry—there are ways around it.

Disclaimer: These methods bypass official hardware checks. Microsoft warns that unsupported PCs may not receive full updates and could run into compatibility issues. Proceed at your own risk.

Why the TPM Requirement Exists TPM 2.0 enables hardware-based security features like BitLocker encryption and Windows Hello. But for many users, especially with older PCs, it’s simply a roadblock.

What You Need

• Windows 11 ISO file
• Rufus utility
• 8GB+ USB drive
• Internet access
• Basic BIOS/UEFI navigation skills

Method 1: Use Rufus to Create TPM-Free Installer (Recommended)

1. Download ISO: Get it from Microsoft’s official site.
2. Download Rufus: Visit rufus.ie.
3. Create USB Installer:
   • Launch Rufus and select your USB drive.
   • Load the Windows 11 ISO.
   • Choose “Extended Windows 11 Installation (no TPM/no Secure Boot)”.
   • Click START and wait until complete.
4. Install Windows 11:
   • Boot from USB.
   • Optional: Disable Secure Boot in BIOS.
   • Install as normal. Rufus bypasses TPM automatically.

Method 2: Registry Edit During Setup (Advanced)

1. Create a standard bootable USB.
2. Start installation, reach the “This PC can’t run…” screen.
3. Press Shift + F10 > type regedit.
4. Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup > right-click > New Key: LabConfig.
5. Create DWORDs:
   • BypassTPMCheck = 1
   • BypassSecureBootCheck = 1
   • (Optional) BypassRAMCheck = 1
6. Close Registry Editor and return to the installer. Click Back > Next.

Method 3: Replace appraiserres.dll File

1. Mount both Windows 10 and 11 ISOs.
2. Copy appraiserres.dll from Windows 10 (sources folder).
3. Paste and replace the same file in Windows 11 ISO’s sources folder.
4. Create bootable USB from modified ISO.
5. Boot and install.

After Installation: A Few Notes

• Updates: May be limited or absent.
• Drivers: Older hardware may lack support.
• Stability: Not guaranteed on unsupported setups.
• Future Updates: May reintroduce checks.

Summary For most users, the Rufus method is the easiest and safest workaround. However, understand the trade-offs. Installing Windows 11 without TPM is possible, but staying informed about risks and limitations is crucial.

The Windows Firewall is one of those behind-the-scenes heroes on your computer. It keeps out intruders, blocks shady connections, and basically makes sure your system isn’t wide open to the world. But every now and then, it can be a little too good at its job. You might notice an app just won’t connect, or a game refuses to join a lobby. Chances are, it’s the firewall playing gatekeeper. That’s why knowing how to let the right apps through is such a handy skill.

Why You Might Need to Allow Apps Through

There are plenty of situations where you’ll need to do this:

• Software Connectivity: Tools like Zoom, Google Drive, or even your email client sometimes get caught in the firewall’s net.
• Gaming: Multiplayer titles are particularly touchy. They often need specific ports or full access to connect properly.
• File Sharing: Streaming a movie to your TV or accessing shared folders on your network? Yeah, the firewall might block that too.
• Troubleshooting: When something isn’t working and you’re scratching your head, the firewall should be one of the first places you check.
• New Installs: Freshly installed apps might not automatically get a pass. That means you’ll need to manually greenlight them.

Understanding Firewall Profiles

Windows doesn’t treat all networks the same. It uses profiles to manage what gets through:

• Private Network: Think home or small office networks. These are relatively open, and you can share files and devices easily.
• Public Network: This is for coffee shops, airports, or anywhere you don’t fully trust the Wi-Fi. Very locked down.
• Domain Network: If you’re in a corporate setting, IT controls this. Best to leave it alone unless you know what you’re doing.

If you’re at home and things aren’t working, make sure your network profile isn’t mistakenly set to Public.

Method 1: Letting Apps Through via “Allow an App Through Windows Firewall” (Recommended)

This is the more user-friendly way, and honestly, it works for most situations.

1. Open Windows Security: Click Start, type “Windows Security,” and hit Enter. Or, right-click the shield icon in the system tray.
2. Go to Firewall & Network Protection: You’ll see this on the left-hand side.
3. Choose “Allow an app through firewall”: It might also be labeled “Allow an app through Controlled folder access.”
4. Click “Change Settings”: You’ll likely need admin privileges here. Click “Yes” if prompted.
5. Find the App: Scroll through. If it’s there, tick “Private” and/or “Public” depending on where you use it. For home networks, “Private” is usually enough.
6. Add it Manually (if it’s missing):
   • Click “Allow another app…”
   • Hit “Browse…” and find the .exe file (typically under C:\Program Files or C:\Program Files (x86)).
   • Select it, click “Open,” then “Add.”
   • Don’t forget to tick the correct network boxes.
7. Click OK: And that’s it.

Method 2: Creating a Rule in Advanced Settings (For More Control)

If you need to open a specific port or set up something really custom, this is the route to take.

1. Open Advanced Firewall Settings: Start > Type “Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security” > Enter.
2. Pick Inbound or Outbound Rules: Most apps need inbound access.
3. Click “New Rule…”
4. Select Rule Type: Choose “Program” or “Port,” depending on what you’re after.
5. Specify Program or Port:
   • Program: Browse for the .exe.
   • Port: Choose TCP or UDP, enter the port numbers (e.g., 443, 8080).
6. Set the Action: Select “Allow the connection.”
7. Pick Profiles: Usually, just check “Private.”
8. Name the Rule: Something like “GameName – Inbound Access” helps for later reference.

Troubleshooting Tips

• Check Your Network Profile: If it’s set to Public at home, apps may get blocked unnecessarily.
• Temporarily Disable Firewall (Caution!): Only do this in a secure, controlled environment. Turn it back on immediately after testing.
• Look for Conflicting Rules: Sometimes an old “Block” rule is overriding your new “Allow” one.
• Third-Party Firewalls: If you have antivirus software, check its settings too. It may be managing network access separately.
• Restart Things: Changes sometimes don’t take until you reboot the app or your PC.

A Quick Personal Story

I once spent nearly an hour trying to join a multiplayer game with friends. Everything looked fine—no error messages, nothing crashing—just no connection. I tried reinstalling, even rebooted the router. Eventually, a friend said, “Hey, check your firewall.” And sure enough, Windows had blocked the game’s .exe. I allowed it through, checked both “Private” and “Public,” and bam—I was in. Total facepalm moment, but a good reminder to always start with the firewall when something seems inexplicably broken.

Final Thoughts

Letting apps through Windows Firewall might sound technical, but it’s actually quite doable. Whether you stick with the beginner-friendly interface or dive into the advanced rules, the goal is the same: make sure your trusted apps can talk to the internet without compromising your security. Just take your time, double-check which networks you’re connected to, and you’ll be fine.

If you’re a developer, system admin, or just someone who wants to try out Linux on Windows, you’re in luck. Microsoft has made it possible to run a full-fledged Linux distribution inside Windows using WSL—the Windows Subsystem for Linux. I’ve personally used WSL for web development, running scripts, and testing server setups—all without needing a separate Linux machine or dual-boot setup. It’s fast, efficient, and deeply integrated into Windows.

This guide will walk you through how to run Linux on Windows using WSL, step by step, based on verified and practical knowledge.

What Is WSL?

WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) is a compatibility layer that allows Windows to run Linux binaries natively. It lets you install a Linux distribution like Ubuntu, Debian, or Kali Linux directly from the Microsoft Store.

There are two versions:

• WSL 1 – Initial version, good for simple tasks, uses a translation layer
• WSL 2 – Full Linux kernel via a lightweight virtual machine, supports Docker, faster file system access, and better compatibility

For most users today, WSL 2 is the recommended version.

Benefits of Using WSL

• Run Linux commands alongside Windows apps
• Access bash shell, apt, and Linux packages
• Use it for web development, server-side testing, automation, and scripting
• Avoid dual boot setups or full virtual machines
• Easy integration with VS Code, Docker, and other dev tools

System Requirements for WSL

To use WSL 2, you need:

• Windows 10 version 2004 or later (Build 19041+)
• Or Windows 11 (any version)
• Virtualization enabled in BIOS
• An internet connection to download Linux distributions

Step-by-Step Guide to Install and Use Linux with WSL

Step 1: Enable WSL Feature

Open PowerShell as Administrator to enable WSL.

Command:

powershell

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wsl –install

This command installs everything required, including:

• WSL 2
• Virtual Machine Platform
• Ubuntu (default Linux distro)

If this doesn’t work or you’re using an older version of Windows 10, you can enable it manually.

Alternate Manual Method:

powershell

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dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

Then restart your computer.

Step 2: Set WSL 2 as the Default Version

Once WSL is installed, set WSL 2 as default.

Command:

powershell

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wsl –set-default-version 2

This ensures any future Linux distributions you install will use WSL 2.

Step 3: Install a Linux Distribution

You can now install a Linux distro from the Microsoft Store.

Common options:

• Ubuntu (most popular and beginner-friendly)
• Debian
• Kali Linux
• Fedora Remix
• openSUSE

Steps:

1. Open Microsoft Store
2. Search for Ubuntu (or any other distro)
3. Click Get to download and install

After installation, launch the distro from the Start Menu.

Step 4: Complete Initial Linux Setup

The first time you launch your Linux distribution, it will take a few moments to set up.

You’ll be prompted to:

• Create a new UNIX username
• Set a password (for the Linux environment)

Once set, you’ll land in the Linux terminal, ready to use commands.

Step 5: Update and Upgrade Your Linux Distro

To ensure your environment is up to date:

Run:

bash

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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

This updates all installed packages to the latest versions. I do this as the first step after setting up any new system.

Step 6: Install and Use Linux Tools

You can now install any Linux command-line tools.

Examples:

bash

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sudo apt install git

sudo apt install python3

sudo apt install build-essential

You can also clone repos, write shell scripts, and run node apps—all inside your Windows system.

Step 7: Access Windows Files from Linux

WSL mounts your Windows file system automatically.

To access your Windows files:

bash

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cd /mnt/c

This command takes you to your C:\ drive. You can navigate, copy, and edit files seamlessly between Windows and Linux.

Example:

bash

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cd /mnt/c/Users/YourUsername/Desktop

I use this daily when working on cross-platform projects.

Step 8: Run Windows Commands from Linux and Vice Versa

WSL allows interoperability.

From Linux terminal, you can run a Windows app:

bash

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notepad.exe

From Command Prompt or PowerShell, you can run Linux commands:

powershell

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wsl ls -la

This is great for integrating tools from both environments in your workflow.

Step 9: Customize Your Terminal

For a better experience, install Windows Terminal from the Microsoft Store. It allows you to:

• Use tabs for multiple shells
• Change color schemes and fonts
• Switch between PowerShell, CMD, and Linux easily

After installing, set your preferred Linux distro as the default profile.

Step 10: Use WSL with Visual Studio Code

Install VS Code and then the Remote – WSL extension.

Steps:

1. Open VS Code
2. Click the Extensions icon
3. Search and install Remote – WSL
4. Open a folder inside WSL using the command palette: Ctrl + Shift + P → “Remote-WSL: New Window”

This lets you run your code inside the Linux environment while editing with Windows tools.

Bonus: Export and Import WSL Distributions

You can export a WSL instance to back it up or transfer it.

Export:

powershell

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wsl –export Ubuntu ubuntu_backup.tar

Import:

powershell

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wsl –import UbuntuNew D:\WSL\UbuntuNew ubuntu_backup.tar

This is useful for creating consistent environments across multiple machines.

Troubleshooting Common WSL Issues

• Virtualization not enabled: Check BIOS settings and enable Intel VT-x or AMD-V
• WSL version not updating: Use wsl –set-version <distro name> 2
• Permission errors: Run terminal as Administrator
• Microsoft Store not installing distro: Download manually from command line using wsl –install -d <distro>

Conclusion

Running Linux on Windows using WSL gives you the best of both worlds—access to powerful Linux tools without leaving your familiar Windows setup. Whether you’re coding, testing, or learning Linux, WSL makes it accessible and efficient.

From my experience, WSL has become an essential part of my daily development environment. It’s easy to set up, fast to use, and integrates beautifully with Windows apps and tools.

With just a few commands, you can install a full Linux distro and begin using bash, Python, Git, and more—all without rebooting or switching systems.

Multitasking efficiently is crucial in today’s digital age. Both Windows 10 and Windows 11 offer built-in features to split your screen, allowing you to view and work on multiple applications simultaneously. This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough on how to utilize these features effectively.

Understanding Split Screen Functionality

The split screen feature, known as Snap Assist in Windows 10 and enhanced as Snap Layouts in Windows 11, enables users to organize open windows by snapping them to different areas of the screen. This functionality is particularly beneficial for tasks that require referencing multiple documents or applications side by side.

Enabling Snap Features

Before utilizing split screen, ensure that the snap features are enabled:

1. Open Settings: Press Windows + I to open the Settings menu.
2. Navigate to Multitasking:
   • Windows 10: Go to System > Multitasking.
   • Windows 11: Go to System > Multitasking.
3. Enable Snap Windows: Toggle the switch to turn on Snap windows.

Using Split Screen on Windows 10

Method 1: Drag and Snap

1. Select a Window: Click and hold the title bar of the window you wish to snap.
2. Drag to Screen Edge: Move the window to the left or right edge of the screen until a translucent outline appears.
3. Release to Snap: Release the mouse button to snap the window into place.
4. Choose Another Window: Snap Assist will display other open windows; click one to snap it to the opposite side.

Method 2: Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Select a Window: Click on the window you want to snap.
2. Use Shortcuts:
   • Snap Left: Press Windows + Left Arrow.
   • Snap Right: Press Windows + Right Arrow.
3. Snap to Corners: After snapping left or right, press Windows + Up Arrow or Windows + Down Arrow to move the window to a corner.

Method 3: Task View

1. Open Task View: Press Windows + Tab to open Task View.
2. Drag Windows: Drag windows to different parts of the screen to arrange them side by side.

Using Split Screen on Windows 11

Windows 11 introduces Snap Layouts, offering more flexibility:

Method 1: Snap Layouts via Maximize Button

1. Hover Over Maximize: Place your cursor over the maximize button of an open window.
2. Select Layout: A menu with layout options will appear; click on your preferred layout.
3. Assign Windows: Click on other open windows to fill the remaining spaces in the layout.

Method 2: Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Select a Window: Click on the window you want to snap.
2. Use Shortcuts:
   • Snap Left: Press Windows + Left Arrow.
   • Snap Right: Press Windows + Right Arrow.
   • Snap Up: Press Windows + Up Arrow.
   • Snap Down: Press Windows + Down Arrow.

Method 3: Snap Assist

1. Drag to Edge: Click and drag a window to the edge or corner of the screen.
2. Snap Assist Prompt: Release the mouse button; Snap Assist will suggest other open windows to fill the remaining space.
3. Select Windows: Click on the suggested windows to complete the layout.

Advanced Tips

• Resizing Windows: Hover over the divider between snapped windows; click and drag to adjust their sizes.
• Snap Groups: In Windows 11, hover over a taskbar icon to see snap groups and quickly switch between them.
• Multiple Monitors: Snap features work across multiple monitors, allowing for efficient multitasking setups.

Troubleshooting

• Snap Not Working: Ensure that Snap windows is enabled in Settings.
• Layouts Not Appearing: In Windows 11, make sure you’re hovering over the maximize button, not clicking it.
• Performance Issues: Close unnecessary applications to free up system resources.

Conclusion

Utilizing the split screen features in Windows 10 and 11 can significantly enhance your productivity by allowing you to manage multiple applications simultaneously. Whether you’re comparing documents, monitoring data, or multitasking across different programs, these tools provide a seamless experience for efficient workflow management.

Experiencing audio issues on Windows 11 can be frustrating, especially when you’re unsure of the cause. Whether it’s a sudden loss of sound, distorted audio, or issues with specific applications, this comprehensive guide will walk you through step-by-step solutions to troubleshoot and resolve common audio problems in Windows 11.

1. Check Physical Connections and Hardware

Before diving into software settings, ensure that your hardware is functioning correctly.

• Verify Connections: Ensure that speakers, headphones, or external audio devices are properly connected to the correct ports. For wired devices, check for loose cables or damaged connectors.
• Power and Volume: Confirm that your audio devices are powered on and that their volume controls are set appropriately. Some speakers have independent volume controls that need to be adjusted.
• Try Alternative Devices: If possible, test your audio output with a different set of speakers or headphones to rule out hardware malfunctions.

2. Confirm Audio Output Device Settings

Windows 11 may sometimes default to an incorrect audio output device.

• Select the Correct Output Device:
  1. Click on the Speaker icon in the taskbar.
  2. Click the arrow next to the volume slider to view available audio devices.
  3. Select the appropriate output device (e.g., speakers, headphones).
• Set as Default Device:
  1. Right-click the Speaker icon and choose Sound settings.
  2. Under Output, select your preferred device and click Set as default.

3. Check Volume Levels and Mute Settings

It’s essential to ensure that volume levels are appropriately set and that devices aren’t muted.

• Adjust Volume:
  1. Click the Speaker icon in the taskbar.
  2. Ensure the volume slider is not at the minimum.
• Volume Mixer:
  1. Right-click the Speaker icon and select Open volume mixer.
  2. Ensure that none of the applications are muted and that their volume levels are adequate.

4. Run the Windows Audio Troubleshooter

Windows 11 includes a built-in troubleshooter to detect and fix common audio issues.

1. Press Windows + I to open Settings.
2. Navigate to System > Troubleshoot > Other troubleshooters.
3. Under Playing Audio, click Run and follow the on-screen instructions.

5. Update or Reinstall Audio Drivers

Outdated or corrupted drivers can lead to audio problems.

• Update Drivers:
  1. Right-click the Start button and select Device Manager.
  2. Expand Sound, video and game controllers.
  3. Right-click your audio device and choose Update driver.
  4. Select Search automatically for drivers.
• Reinstall Drivers:
  1. In Device Manager, right-click your audio device and select Uninstall device.
  2. Restart your computer; Windows will attempt to reinstall the driver automatically.

6. Disable Audio Enhancements

Audio enhancements can sometimes interfere with sound output.

1. Right-click the Speaker icon and select Sound settings.
2. Under Output, click on your audio device.
3. Scroll down and click Advanced.
4. Toggle Audio enhancements to Off.

7. Restart Windows Audio Services

Restarting audio services can resolve underlying issues.

1. Press Windows + R, type services.msc, and press Enter.
2. In the Services window, locate Windows Audio.
3. Right-click it and select Restart.
4. Repeat the process for Windows Audio Endpoint Builder.

8. Check Application-Specific Settings

Sometimes, the issue might be isolated to a specific application.

• In-App Audio Settings: Ensure that the application isn’t muted and that it’s configured to use the correct audio output device.
• Browser Tabs: For web-based applications, right-click the browser tab and ensure the site isn’t muted.

9. Update Windows 11

Keeping your operating system up to date can resolve compatibility issues.

1. Press Windows + I to open Settings.
2. Navigate to Windows Update.
3. Click Check for updates and install any available updates.

10. Perform a System Restore

If audio issues began after recent changes, restoring your system to a previous state might help.

1. Press Windows + R, type rstrui, and press Enter.
2. Follow the prompts to choose a restore point before the issue began.

Conclusion

By systematically following these steps, you can identify and resolve most audio issues in Windows 11. Regularly updating your system and drivers, along with routine checks of your audio settings, can prevent future problems. If issues persist after trying all the above methods, it may be advisable to consult with a professional technician or contact your device manufacturer’s support.

If your Windows 11 PC takes too long to boot, unnecessary startup apps might be the cause. These programs launch automatically when you sign in, consuming system resources and slowing down your computer. Disabling them can lead to faster boot times and improved performance.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through several methods to disable startup apps in Windows 11.

Why Disable Startup Apps?

Startup apps are programs that automatically run when you start your computer. While some are essential (like antivirus software), others may not be necessary and can slow down your system. Disabling non-essential startup apps can:

• Reduce boot time
• Free up system resources
• Improve overall performance

Method 1: Using Task Manager

Task Manager provides a straightforward way to manage startup apps.

Steps:

1. Open Task Manager:
   • Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager directly.
   • Alternatively, right-click the Start button and select Task Manager.
2. Navigate to the Startup Tab:
3. In Task Manager, click on the Startup tab.

Disable Unnecessary Apps:

1. • You’ll see a list of apps that start with Windows.
   • Right-click on any app you want to disable and select Disable.
   • Repeat for other apps you wish to prevent from starting automatically.

Note: Disabling an app here doesn’t uninstall it; it only prevents it from launching at startup.

Method 2: Using Windows Settings

Windows Settings offers another way to manage startup apps.

Steps:

1. Open Settings:
   • Press Windows + I to open the Settings app.
2. Navigate to Startup Settings:
   • Click on Apps in the left sidebar.
3. Select Startup.
4. Toggle Off Unnecessary Apps:
   • You’ll see a list of apps with toggle switches.
   • Turn off the switch for any app you don’t want to start automatically.Tip: The list also shows the impact each app has on startup (e.g., High, Medium, Low). Prioritize disabling high-impact apps.

Method 3: Using the Startup Folder

Some apps add shortcuts to the Startup folder to launch automatically. Removing these shortcuts can prevent them from starting.

Steps:

1. Open the Run Dialog:
   • Press Windows + R to open the Run dialog.
2. Access the Startup Folder:
3. Type shell:startup and press Enter.

Remove Unwanted Shortcuts:

1. • In the folder that opens, delete the shortcuts of apps you don’t want to start automatically.
   • Note: Be cautious and only delete shortcuts you recognize and don’t need at startup.

Method 4: Using System Configuration (MSConfig)

MSConfig allows you to manage startup items and services.

Steps:

1. Open the Run Dialog:
   • Press Windows + R to open the Run dialog.
2. Launch MSConfig:
3. Type msconfig and press Enter.
4. Navigate to the Services Tab:
   • Click on the Services tab.
5. Hide Microsoft Services:
6. Check the box for Hide all Microsoft services to avoid disabling essential services.

Disable Unnecessary Services:

1. • Uncheck services you don’t need.
2. Click Apply, then OK. Restart Your Computer:
   • You’ll be prompted to restart your computer for changes to take effect.

Caution: Disabling services can affect system functionality. Only disable services you’re sure about.

Method 5: Using Autoruns (Advanced Users)

For advanced control over startup items, Microsoft’s Autoruns tool provides a comprehensive view.

Steps:

1. Download Autoruns:
   • Visit the Microsoft website to download Autoruns.
2. Run Autoruns:
   • Extract the downloaded ZIP file.
3. Run Autoruns.exe as an administrator.
4. Review Startup Entries:
5. Navigate to the Logon tab to see apps that start with Windows.
6. Disable Unwanted Entries:
   • Uncheck the box next to any entry you wish to disable.

Warning: Autoruns displays critical system entries. Disabling the wrong item can cause system issues. Proceed with caution.

Additional Tips

• Check App Settings: Some apps have their own settings to control startup behavior. Open the app and look for options like “Run at startup” to disable them.Update Regularly: Keeping your system and apps updated can improve performance and reduce unnecessary startup entries.
• Use Antivirus Software: Ensure you have reputable antivirus software running to prevent malicious programs from adding themselves to startup

By following these methods, you can effectively manage and disable startup apps in Windows 11, leading to faster boot times and a more responsive system.

Activating Windows ensures that your operating system is genuine, fully functional, and eligible for updates and support. Whether you’re setting up a new device or reinstalling Windows, this guide provides step-by-step instructions to activate Windows 10 and Windows 11.

Understanding Windows Activation

Windows activation verifies that your copy of the operating system is genuine and hasn’t been used on more devices than the Microsoft Software License Terms allow. Activation can be done using a digital license or a product key.

• Digital License: Linked to your Microsoft account or hardware, often used when upgrading from a previous version or purchasing Windows from the Microsoft Store.
• Product Key: A 25-character code provided when purchasing Windows through authorized retailers or included with your device.

How to Activate Windows 10

Method 1: Using a Product Key

1. Open Settings: Click on the Start menu and select Settings.
2. Navigate to Activation: Go to Update & Security > Activation.
3. Enter Product Key: Click on Change product key, enter your 25-character key, and click Next.
4. Complete Activation: Follow the prompts to complete the activation process.

Method 2: Using a Digital License

If you have a digital license:

1. Sign In: Ensure you’re signed in with the Microsoft account linked to your digital license.
2. Check Activation Status: Go to Settings > Update & Security > Activation to confirm activation.

How to Activate Windows 11

Method 1: Using a Product Key

1. Open Settings: Click on the Start menu and select Settings.
2. Navigate to Activation: Go to System > Activation.
3. Enter Product Key: Click on Change product key, input your 25-character key, and click Next.
4. Complete Activation: Follow the on-screen instructions to finish activation.

Method 2: Using a Digital License

For digital licenses:

1. Sign In: Ensure you’re using the Microsoft account associated with your digital license.
2. Verify Activation: Navigate to Settings > System > Activation to check your activation status.

Troubleshooting Activation Issues

If you encounter activation errors:

• Run Activation Troubleshooter: Go to Settings > Update & Security > Activation and select Troubleshoot.
• Check Internet Connection: Ensure your device is connected to the internet.
• Verify Product Key: Double-check that you’ve entered the correct product key.
• Contact Microsoft Support: If issues persist, reach out to Microsoft Support for assistance.

Conclusion

Activating your Windows operating system is crucial for accessing all features and receiving updates. Whether using a product key or digital license, following the steps outlined above will ensure your system is properly activated.

Disabling unnecessary startup programs in Windows 11 can significantly improve your system’s boot time and overall performance. This guide provides step-by-step instructions on how to manage startup applications using various methods.

Why Disable Startup Programs?

Startup programs are applications that automatically launch when you boot your computer. While some are essential (like antivirus software), others may not be necessary and can slow down your system. Disabling non-essential startup programs can:

• Reduce boot time.
• Free up system resources.
• Improve overall system performance.

Method 1: Using Windows Settings

Windows 11 provides a straightforward way to manage startup programs through the Settings app.

Steps:

1. Open Settings: Press Win + I to open the Settings app.
2. Navigate to Startup: Click on Apps in the left pane, then select Startup.
3. Manage Startup Programs: You’ll see a list of programs with toggle switches.
   • On: The program will launch at startup.
   • Off: The program will not launch at startup.
4. Disable Unnecessary Programs: Toggle off the programs you don’t need at startup.

Each program also displays its impact on startup time (e.g., No impact, Low impact, High impact), helping you decide which ones to disable.

Method 2: Using Task Manager

Task Manager offers another way to manage startup programs.

Steps:

1. Open Task Manager: Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager.
2. Access Startup Tab: Click on the Startup tab. If you don’t see tabs, click on More details at the bottom.
3. Disable Programs:
   • Right-click on the program you want to disable.
   • Select Disable.

This method provides additional details like the program’s publisher and its startup impact.

Method 3: Using the Startup Folder

Some programs add themselves to the Startup folder, causing them to launch at boot. You can remove these shortcuts manually.

Steps:

1. Open Run Dialog: Press Win + R.
2. Access Startup Folder: Type shell:startup and press Enter.
3. Remove Shortcuts: Delete the shortcuts of programs you don’t want to start automatically.

Note: This method only affects programs that have added themselves to the Startup folder.

Method 4: Using System Configuration (MSConfig)

MSConfig allows you to manage startup services and boot options.

Steps:

1. Open Run Dialog: Press Win + R.
2. Launch MSConfig: Type msconfig and press Enter.
3. Navigate to Services Tab: Click on the Services tab.
4. Hide Microsoft Services: Check the box for Hide all Microsoft services to avoid disabling essential services.
5. Disable Unnecessary Services: Uncheck services you don’t need.
6. Apply Changes: Click Apply, then OK.
7. Restart Your Computer: You’ll be prompted to restart your computer to apply changes.

Caution: Disabling essential services can affect system stability. Only disable services you’re sure about.

Method 5: Using Autoruns (Advanced Users)

Autoruns is a free utility from Microsoft that provides a comprehensive view of all startup programs and services.

Steps:

1. Download Autoruns: Visit the Microsoft Sysinternals website and download Autoruns.
2. Extract and Run: Extract the downloaded ZIP file and run Autoruns.exe.
3. Review Startup Entries: Navigate to the Logon tab to see programs that start at login.
4. Disable Unwanted Programs: Uncheck the boxes next to programs you don’t want to start automatically.

Autoruns provides detailed information, but be cautious. Disabling critical entries can affect system functionality.

Tips for Managing Startup Programs

• Essential Programs: Keep antivirus and essential drivers enabled at startup.
• Regular Review: Periodically review your startup programs to ensure only necessary ones are enabled.
• Research Unknown Programs: If you’re unsure about a program, research it before disabling.
• Monitor Impact: Use the startup impact ratings to prioritize which programs to disable.

Conclusion

Managing startup programs in Windows 11 is crucial for optimizing system performance. By disabling unnecessary applications, you can achieve faster boot times and a more responsive system. Utilize the methods outlined above to take control of your startup processes.

Tired of typing your password or PIN every time you unlock your Windows computer? Windows Hello offers a more personal and secure way to sign in using your face, fingerprint, or a PIN. Facial recognition is one of the most popular methods because it’s incredibly fast – you just look at your screen, and you’re logged in.

Setting up Windows Hello Facial Recognition is straightforward, assuming you have the right hardware. It’s a convenient feature that makes accessing your Windows 10 or Windows 11 device much quicker.

What You Need

To use Windows Hello Facial Recognition, you need:

1. A computer running Windows 10 or Windows 11.
2. A compatible Windows Hello facial recognition camera. This is key! Standard webcams usually don’t work because Windows Hello Face requires a specialized camera, often infrared or depth-sensing, to accurately distinguish your face and prevent being fooled by a photo. Many newer laptops and some external webcams come with this feature built-in (they are often advertised as “Windows Hello compatible”).
3. You must have set up a PIN for your account. Windows requires a PIN as a backup authentication method before you can set up facial recognition or fingerprint sign-in.

How to Set up Windows Hello Facial Recognition

Assuming you have a compatible camera and have already set up a PIN for your Windows account, follow these steps:

Step 1: Ensure Your Compatible Camera is Connected and Working

• If you have a built-in Windows Hello camera, ensure its drivers are installed and it’s enabled in Device Manager (see the BSOD article for how to access Device Manager).
• If using an external camera, connect it via USB and install any necessary software provided by the manufacturer. Make sure it’s recognized by Windows.

Step 2: Set Up a PIN First (If You Haven’t Already)

As mentioned, you need a PIN backup. If you don’t have one:

• Go to Settings.
• Click on ‘Accounts’.
• Click on ‘Sign-in options’ in the left sidebar.
• Under ‘Ways to sign in’, click on ‘PIN (Windows Hello)’.
• Click the ‘Set up’ button and follow the prompts to create your PIN. You’ll need to enter your account password first.

Step 3: Go to Sign-in Options in Settings

• Open Settings (you can search for it in the Start menu).
• Click on ‘Accounts’.
• Click on ‘Sign-in options’ in the left-hand menu.

Step 4: Find and Select ‘Windows Hello Face’

• In the ‘Sign-in options’ settings, look for the section titled ‘Ways to sign in’.
• You should see an option for ‘Windows Hello Face’ (if Windows detects a compatible camera). Click on it.

Step 5: Click ‘Set up’

• Under the ‘Windows Hello Face’ option, click the ‘Set up’ button.

Step 6: Look into the Camera

• A Windows Hello setup window will pop up.
• Click ‘Get started’.
• The system will ask you to look directly into your camera. Position your face within the frame shown on the screen.
• The camera will scan your face. Keep your head still and follow any on-screen instructions (like tilting your head slightly if asked).
• The progress will be shown on the screen.

Step 7: Adjust and Improve Recognition (Optional)

• Once the initial scan is complete, Windows Hello might offer the option to ‘Improve recognition’. This is useful if you often wear glasses, change your hairstyle, or use your computer in different lighting conditions.
• Click this option and go through the scanning process again, perhaps with glasses on or in a different (but still well-lit) environment.

Step 8: Close the Setup

• After the scan(s) are complete, the setup wizard will confirm that Windows Hello Face is ready.
• Click ‘Close’ or ‘OK’.

How to Use Windows Hello Face

Now that it’s set up, using it is automatic. When you reach the lock screen, your computer’s camera will activate, look for your face, and if it recognizes you, it will automatically log you in without needing to touch the keyboard. If it doesn’t recognize you quickly, you’ll typically see the option to enter your PIN or password instead.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• “Windows Hello isn’t available on this device”: This almost always means you don’t have a compatible Windows Hello facial recognition camera.
• Poor Recognition: Ensure the camera lens is clean, you are in adequate lighting (not too dark, not directly backlit), and your face is not obstructed. Try running the ‘Improve recognition’ step again.
• Issues After Update: Sometimes Windows updates can cause temporary glitches. Restarting your computer often resolves this. Check for driver updates for your camera in Device Manager.

Security Note

While Windows Hello Face is significantly more secure than a simple password, no biometric system is perfect. Always have a strong PIN and a complex password set up for your account as backup methods.

Setting up Windows Hello Facial Recognition provides a quick, modern, and secure way to access your Windows computer. It’s a few simple steps that add a layer of convenience to your daily computing.